Get 10% off! arrow_drop_up

Item has been added

Skip to content

Get 5-15% Off on Multiple Bottle Purchases

    Korean Ginseng

    Korean Ginseng is a medicinal plant native to the mountainous regions of Russia Far East, Korean Peninsula, and Northeastern China. It has been used for centuries in folk medicine for its medicinal benefits. Korean ginseng has been found to contain properties that may be useful for aiding asthma, inflammation, infertility, low sperm count, erectile dysfunction, influenza, weak immune systems, thyroid dysfunction, headaches, cancer, and many other conditions.

    Also, it has been found to beneficial in relieving stress, enhancing blood circulation, increase muscle mass, improving mood state, alleviating menopausal symptoms, regulating hormones, and boosting cognition amongst other things. There are many more benefits of Korean ginseng. To find out if this herb is for you, read on below for a detailed information on how the herb works and the best way to use it for a maximum result, and why you want to get it from Korea and not other countries.

     

    What is Korean Ginseng?

    The question, “what is Korean ginseng?” is often asked by many people who are confused with regards to the different types of ginseng and their uses. Ginseng is generally named for plants that fall within the genus “Panax” and contain numerous phytochemicals that include gintonin and ginsenosides.

    These categories of plants are used for their medicinal properties to manage the symptoms of numerous conditions. The most common among plants that fall within the genus Panax are P. notoginseng (South China ginseng), P. ginseng (Korean ginseng), and P. quinquefolius (American ginseng).

    The word “ginseng” is from the Hokkien Chinese jîn-sim translated to mean “person” and “plant root.” Herbal specialists believe that this is because of the physiology of the root, which looks exactly like the human body. The botanical name of the plant “Panax” is also translated to mean “all-healing” in Greek which is believed to be because of the herb’s potential ability to treat many conditions.

    Ginseng is used in ancient Chinese medicine as a tonic to treat patients that are suffering from chronic conditions and those that are recovering. In recent times, the herb has grown in both usage and acceptance. It has been shown that Ginseng may provide improvements in the management of various conditions including cognitive disorders, nervous system disorder, and weak immune system.

    It may also be useful in managing menopausal symptoms, fatigue, premature aging, diabetes, male infertility, stress, erectile dysfunction, headaches, depression, insomnia, cardiovascular diseases, high cholesterol levels, anxiety, high and low blood pressure, chest congestion, and several others. The herb is consumed in many different forms including fresh root, lightly steamed, and dried root.

    Other common forms of using Korean ginseng is ginseng soups, Ginseng-infused herbal tea, and liquor, ginseng powder, dietary supplements, and even as additives in energy drinks, beverages, candies, and beauty products.

    Korean Red Ginseng Root

    So then what is Korean red ginseng root? Korean red ginseng is also known as Panax ginseng is a perennial plant widely grown in the mountains of Eastern Asia. The herb is native to the mountainous regions of Russian Far East, Manchuria, and the Korean Peninsula. Korean ginseng root is only harvested for medicinal purposes after about six years of planting.

    You might ask then what is red ginseng root used for? The root of the plant is mostly used for medicinal purposes even though other parts including the stem and fruits are easier to harvest, extract and may contain more phytochemicals including steroid saponins. There are different varieties of the plant such as wild, fresh, white, and red Korean ginseng.

    However, the red variant of the herb is more popular, potent and concentrated compared to other varieties. It has a reddish color. The red ginseng is able to attain this level of fame and acceptability because it passes through a careful steaming and drying process that ensures that the natural state of the herb is maintained.

    The process also ensures that red Korean ginseng retains all its important phytochemicals in the right proportion. This makes the herb more potent compared to its white counterpart that loses major phytochemical during a sun drying and bleaching process. There are also many more Korean red ginseng root benefits than compared to the white variant.

    This standard process also makes Korean ginseng less prone to decay during storage and transportation. It is believed that the effectiveness of the plant increases with age and 6-year Korean red ginseng benefits are more compared to that of those harvested before 6 years.

    Other Plants Known as Ginseng

    Many other plants are also generally known as ginseng because of their active properties and health benefits. These plants include poor man’s ginseng (Codonopsis pilosula), dong quai or female ginseng (Angelica Sinensis), Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus Senticosus), Jiaogulan or five-leaf ginseng (Gynostemma Pentaphyllum), and maca or Peruvian ginseng (Lepidium Meyenii).

    Also in the list of plants called ginseng are ashwagandha or Indian ginseng (Withania Somnifera), Tongkat Ali or Malaysian ginseng (Eurycoma longifolia), Suma or Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia Paniculata), Prince ginseng (Pseudostellaria heterophylla), Alaskan ginseng (Oplopanax horridus), and five-flavored berry (Schisandra Chinensis).

    Common Names of Korean Red Ginseng

    This brings us to the question, is Korean red ginseng the same as Panax ginseng? Korean red ginseng has many names including Panax ginseng Asian ginseng, Oriental ginseng, Manroot, the root of immortality, Asiatic ginger, Chinese ginseng, wild ginseng (mountain root), water root (fresh ginseng), red root (dried steamed ginseng), long brain root (wild cultivated ginseng), taegeuk root (dried blanched ginseng and Panax ginseng).

    What Are the Components of Korean Red Ginseng (Composition)

    The herb contains many phytochemicals which are believed to be the driving force behind the numerous healing benefits of Korean red ginseng. A study conducted to check the active components and nutritional composition of the herb found that it contains ginseng oils and phytosterol, saponins, vitamins and minerals, carbohydrates and sugars, nitrogenous substances, organic acids, salicylates, vanillic acid, amino acids and peptides, and some enzymes that have been characterized and isolated. [1]

    Among the isolated components of Korean red ginseng root, the researchers found that ginseng saponins (panaxosides or ginsenosides) are the most active chemical components in Korean red ginseng.

    The study authors revealed that about 13 saponins have been isolated and their principality is the reason why their extraction, identification have been the focus of many studies conducted on the topic. Other parts of the plant including the leaves contain many of the saponins found in Korean red ginseng root.

    What Is Red Ginseng Good For?

    Another question often asked is, “what is red ginseng good for?” Korean red ginseng root offers a lot of benefits and it has been used for centuries to treat an array of health conditions and improve the overall health of the body. Today, the herbal supplement is widely used as a normalizer, energizer, stress reliever and energy booster.

    The herb has shown potentials for assisting with the treatment of high cholesterol, arthritis, asthma, infertility in men, low sperm count, and many others. If taken on a regular basis, Panax ginseng may improve the overall well being of the body. This is because of the adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti cancerogenic, antiseptic, anti-aging, anti-anxiolytic and anti-malaria benefits, just to name a few.

    Several studies that have been published on the benefits of Korean red ginseng root extract confirmed the effectiveness of the herb in managing the above-mentioned conditions. People who have taken the herb also stated in reviews that it worked well with little or no side effects. Even with this, further studies on the safety and effectiveness of Korean red ginseng is imperative to further find out what is Korean red ginseng good for.

    What Are The Health Benefits of Korean Ginseng Root Extract

    Korean red that it may be beneficial in inhibiting the growth of a tumor, stabilizing blood pressure, stimulating of the immune system, balancing blood sugar, detoxifying the liver, stimulating the production of bone marrow and many others. Here are a few other benefits of red ginseng.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Blood Pressure


    Korean red ginseng may be beneficial in lowering blood pressure in individuals diagnosed with hypertension. [2] Studies conducted on the link between Korean red ginseng and blood pressure found that the herb may also be effective in regulating blood pressure in healthy people. High blood pressure may lead to other chronic cardiovascular health conditions if left untreated.

    A study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for blood pressure found that the herb may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure in patients with pre-hypertension and hypertension in acute and long-term. [3]

    Increased level of blood pressure is one of the common side effects of the herb. However, a study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and hypertension found that the herb appears to have neutral vascular effects, therefore, should not be discouraged for concern of increased blood pressure. [4]

    Due to mixed results found among studies monitoring the effects of Korean red ginseng on blood pressure levels, individuals are advised to carefully monitor their blood pressure while utilizing the herb, although it has been deemed safe.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Libido

    Korean red ginseng could be beneficial in increasing sex drive in individuals diagnosed with low libido. A reduction in libido is sometimes associated with a reduction in sex hormones, side effects of medication, chronic illness or even old age. An animal study conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for libido found that the herb may significantly increase sexual desire. [5]

    The herb has also been found to be beneficial in treating low libido by acting on the anterior pituitary gland which in turn stimulates the production of the luteinizing hormone (LH). Korean red ginseng also stimulates GABAergic neurotransmission in the brainstem neurons of the rats. In addition, it was also able to increase the levels of ACh (acetylcholine) and DA (dopamine) in the brain of rats.

    The findings of the study suggest that Korean red ginseng may be effective in regulating the activities of the pituitary-testis axis at both hormonal and neuronal levels. This invariably mean increased sex drive and sexual performance.

    A study that investigated the relationship between Korean red ginseng and libido in menopausal women, found that the herbal supplement led to improved sexual arousal and may be safely used as an alternative treatment for low libido in this category of women.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Energy

    Red Korean ginseng root extract contains properties that may help to prevent fatigue and increases energy, stamina, and endurance. The herb was found to contain a chemical component like oligopeptides [6] and polysaccharides [7] which may reduce oxidative stress and increase energy generation thus keeping the body and mind fit at all times. [8]

    A study conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for energy found that the herb may be beneficial in reducing the level of oxidative stress and both mental and physical fatigue. [9] Another study conducted to investigate the relationship between Korean red ginseng and fatigue found that the herb led to a significant reduction in fatigue levels of cancer survivors. [10]

    Interestingly, the herb does not only reduce fatigue as it has been found that it also led to improved physical activities in its users. [11] Furthermore, Korean red ginseng may be beneficial in reducing recovery time after stressful workouts.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Diabetes

    Korean red ginseng has also been found to be beneficial in lowering blood sugar level, improving the body’s interaction with insulin [12] as well as enhance the uptake of blood sugar in cells. [13] Interestingly, the herb may be used to regulate blood glucose level in both individuals diagnosed with diabetes and those that are not. [14] Korean red ginseng for diabetes also provides antioxidant protection, which may be useful in inhibiting the activities of free radicals in the cells of diabetics. A study conducted to investigate the relationship between Korean red ginseng and diabetes found that the fermented variant of the herb may be even more effective in regulating blood sugar levels. [15]

    Korean Red Ginseng For Weight Loss

    Korean red Ginseng contains chemical components that may aid in natural weight loss. Although taking Korean red ginseng for weight loss works gradually, it may be beneficial in aiding faster metabolism which may prevent the build-up of fat in the body. The herb has also been shown to help its users to eat less as it is a natural appetite suppressant. [16]

    This is beneficial for weight loss as reducing the amount of sugar, fat, and calories you ingest will help you maintain a healthy weight. Studies conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and weight loss found that the herb led to the delayed absorption of fat by the body as well as facilitating its fast excretion. Additionally, Korean red ginseng helps to regulate the levels of blood sugar and glucose which also aids to prevent fat deposition in the body. [17]

    Korean Red Ginseng For Colds

    Korean red ginseng may help fight colds. The herb does this by strengthening the immune system which in turn makes the body resilient to the negative effects of harsh weather conditions. The benefit of Korean red ginseng for colds is believed to be a result of the cold-fighting benefits of including ginsenosides.

    In addition, the adaptogenic benefits of the herb on the immune system could also help to protect the body from cold. A study conducted on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and colds found that the herb may be beneficial in reducing the risk of developing a common cold. [18] It was also found that Korean red ginseng for colds led to a significant reduction of a sore throat and severe respiratory illness in individuals diagnosed with early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [19]

    Korean Red Ginseng and Depression

    Another amazing health benefits of Korean red ginseng is the fact that it holds the possible ability to treat depression in people diagnosed with the condition. A study conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for depression found that the herb possesses antidepressant-like components that may be beneficial in treating and preventing depression. [20]

    Korean red ginseng may also be useful in reducing the levels of cortisol and improving the activities of the adrenal gland. This helps to reduce stress, tension, and confusion as well as increasing energy, endurance, and calmness in the body. Another study conducted on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and depression found that the herb has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic benefits that offer anxiolytic and anti-depression. [21]

    Furthermore, it was found that Korean red ginseng exerts an antidepressant-like effect that may be attributable to the herb’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits. [22] The herb may also be used by healthy individuals to prevent the development of the condition and other related ones.

    Korean Red Ginseng Benefits For Skin

    Another amazing benefit of Korean red ginseng is that it has been shown to produce rejuvenation and treatment of skin related infections. Korean red ginseng root extract is found to contain large amounts of minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that are beneficial to aid the metabolism of dead skin cells and the regeneration of new ones.

    The herb also aids to improve complexion, toning and elimination of black spots by hydrating and refining the skin. [23] Korean red ginseng oil may be mixed with other skin care product for excellent results. Korean red ginseng benefits for skin also extends to treating conditions like eczema, acne, and rough skin by enhancing the subcutaneous vascular circulation.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Acne

    Korean red ginseng may also be beneficial in treating acne. The condition may occur in individuals of all ages and may lead to physical scarring if left untreated. Although the real cause of acne is still unknown, it is believed that the condition is influenced by factors like bacterial build up, hormonal imbalance, and genetics. The herb has been found to be beneficial in strengthening the immune system which may help prevent acne in the first place.

    Many people who take Korean red ginseng for acne reported that they noticed improved bacterial clearance after taking the herb for a short period of time. The bacterial buildup is believed to be a major contributing factor to the development of acne because bacteria may clog skin pores. Studies conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and acne found that it is beneficial because it may reduce the duration of acne lesions. [24]

    Korean Red Ginseng And Aging

    Korean red Ginseng contains a large number of phytonutrients that may help prevent the negative effects of the aging process. The herb is also believed to be beneficial in preventing premature aging by stimulating metabolism of the skin. Korean red ginseng also inhibits the activities and generation of free radicals that speed up the aging process.

    The herbal supplement has also been proven to help stimulate the production of more collagen in the dermis, which in turn makes the skin firmer and protects it from the harmful effects of pollution in the environment and harsh weather conditions. The benefits of Korean red ginseng for aging may be attributable to the immunostimulatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging benefits of the herb.

    A study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and photoaged skin found that the herb may be beneficial in treating and reversing the condition. [25] The herb may also be beneficial in preventing skin wrinkles, skin pigmentation, and skin cancers.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Kids

    Herbal specialists and medical practitioners have advised against administering supplements to healthy children. This is because the safety of the herb in this category of individuals is yet to be established. However, several studies conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for kids have found that the herb may be beneficial in treating certain conditions in children.

    For instance, a study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and children found that it may be a safe and effective treatment for children with inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. [26] Another study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for children found that Korean red ginseng root extract may be beneficial in stabilizing the inflammatory cytokines in children with cancer after chemotherapy. [27]

    Korean red ginseng may also be useful in improving inattentiveness in children diagnosed with ADHD. [28] However, it is yet to be established if the herb is beneficial in treating the severity of ADHD, anxiety personality, depression, and behavioral changes in this category of individuals.

    Korean Red Ginseng And ADHD

    Korean red ginseng may also be beneficial in managing the symptoms of ADHD in people diagnosed with the condition. The herb has been used for centuries to manage cognitive disorders and improve brain function. New results from studies published on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and ADHD found that the herb may be beneficial in managing the condition and issues that occur in people diagnosed with ADHD. [29]

    Taking Korean red ginseng for focus by people diagnosed with ADHD may also be beneficial as the herb is believed to be effective in boosting the function of neurotransmitters in the brain including norepinephrine and dopamine. The herbal supplement may also alleviate the symptoms of ADHD by stimulating the activities of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor).

    Furthermore, Korean red Ginseng could boost memory, focus, and learning by improving the activities and communication of brain cells, enhance the growth of nerves and brain cells, reduce brain damage that results from toxins, as well as reduce memory loss, inflammation associated with aging. It may also improve attentiveness in children diagnosed with ADHD. [30]

    Korean Red Ginseng and Memory

    Korean red ginseng root extract may be beneficial in enhancing cognitive functions such as behavior, memory, and mood as well as treating cognitive disorders. A study that looked into the relationship between Korean red ginseng and memory found that the herb may be effective in boosting cognition function, and the overall well being of the body. [31]

    Many animal and test-tube [32] studies conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for memory found that the herb contains properties that may prevent brain damage caused by the activities of free radicals. [33], [34] However, even though the herb has been found to be beneficial in enhancing cognition, social activities and mood, the effect of the herb may reduce with extended use. [35]

    Korean red ginseng was also found to be beneficial in improving academic performance as it leads to enhanced math skills and calmness in study participants. [36] Furthermore, it may be used to improve cognitive function in individuals suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. [37], [38], [39]

    Korean Red Ginseng and Headaches

    Although one of the common side effects of Korean red ginseng is headaches, the herb may also be beneficial in ameliorating the condition. However, it is important to note that headaches are usually a symptom of other conditions and it is imperative to follow up with your health practitioner on its cause.

    When considering Korean red ginseng for headaches, it is believed to be beneficial as the herb offers anti-inflammatory effects that may provide its user with quick relief from pain, as well as a significant reduction in swelling and tension that led to the condition. [40] The herb also helps to create a calm feeling in body and mind thus relieving stress, confusion and lack of focus.

    Additionally, the interaction between Korean red ginseng and headaches is beneficial as the herb not only treats the condition, it may also provide a long-lasting solution for the underlying cause of the headaches. However, it is advised to discontinue the herb and contact your doctor if no progress is seen after a few days.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Insomnia

    Korean red ginseng has been used for centuries for better sleep and to remedy sleep disorders. The herb was used as a mild sedative in ancient Chinese medicine. Studies conducted on the topic has also found that the herb may be beneficial in treating insomnia.

    It is believed that the benefit of Korean red ginseng for insomnia is attributable to its effectiveness in reducing stress and related conditions like anxiety and depression as well as creating a calm and relaxing feeling. These benefits of ginseng for stress may lead to better sleep thus creating an easy way to treat insomnia.

    Korean ginseng may help to remedy insomnia and other sleep-related conditions by targeting and modifying the GABAergic neurotransmitters that relieve stress and reduce the time it takes to sleep. A study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and insomnia found that it may improve the quality of sleep on sleep disturbed subjects. [41]

    Korean Red Ginseng and Thyroid

    The herb may also be beneficial in improving the activities of the thyroid glands. It is prescribed as a treatment for both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. While the former is characterized by underactive thyroid hormones – T4 and T3, the latter is characterized by the overactivity of these hormones.

    Thyroid hormones perform vital functions in the body including heart rate, calorie burning rate and many others. Thyroid dysfunction may lead to other chronic conditions, so it is best to keep the thyroid as healthy as possible or treat it if it ha a problem. A study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and thyroid found that the herb may be beneficial in regulating the levels of the thyroid hormones. [42]

    Korean Red Ginseng For Cancer

    Another amazing benefit of Korean red ginseng root extract is its possible ability that may assist in improving the quality of life for people diagnosed with cancer. A study conducted on the effectiveness of Korean red ginseng for cancer found that the herb may be beneficial in reducing anticancer activity by targeting MAPK/ERK, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. [43] These pathways are usually associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and stem-like properties of cancer cells.

    The herb may also be beneficial in stimulating the early death of cancer cells as well as preventing metastasis to other parts of the body. In addition, it was found that if consumed on a regular basis, Korean red ginseng may prevent the development of cancer in individuals who are at high risk of developing the condition. [44]

    A research that analyzed the findings of many studies conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for cancer found that it may lead to a 16% reduction in the risk of developing cancer. [45] However, another study found that it may only be effective in reducing the risk of developing certain types of cancer including esophagus, lip, stomach, mouth, lung, liver and colon cancer.

    Korean red ginseng does this by possibly inhibiting the abnormal production and growth of cancer cells. The herb has also been found to offer antioxidant protection and reduce inflammation in its users. [46] In addition, the herb improves the overall quality of life in cancer patients that are undergoing chemotherapy.

    It may also mitigate the side effects of the procedure as well as boosting the effects of medications used. For instance, a study on the topic found that Korean red ginseng may reduce fatigue and in people diagnosed with cancer who are undergoing treatment. [47] Meanwhile, another study found that it may not be beneficial in those who are not undergoing treatment.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Hair Growth

    Korean red ginseng has also been shown to be beneficial in enhancing hair growth. It is believed that this is because of the anti-apoptotic benefits of the herb. Studies conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for hair growth found that the herb functions by improving the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. [48]

    The herbal supplement may also be beneficial in preventing hair loss. Korean red ginseng is able to perform this function by strengthening the immune system thus helping follicles to prevent hair fall. It is believed that a weakened immune system is the major cause of hair loss. Korean red ginseng may be applied topically on the hair to stimulate regeneration.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Stress

    Korean red ginseng may be used to treat and prevent stress. The herb was traditionally prescribed as a quick and effective stress reliever. Korean red ginseng was also found to be beneficial in preventing and treating stress-related conditions like anxiety and depression. [49] Herbal specialists believe that this is because of the adaptogenic benefits of ginseng.

    This amazing property contained in Korean red ginseng for stress, anxiety, and depression makes the body resilient to stressors in the environment. Taking the herb for stress relief is believed to be useful because Korean red ginseng is effective in regulating the level of cortisol as well as stimulating the activities of the adrenal glands.

    This helps to create a calm and relaxing feeling while increasing energy levels in the body. However, Korean red ginseng may work better for stress if you avoid certain things such as caffeine as the herb intensifies the effects of stimulant thus leading to unpleasant side effects including insomnia.

    A study conducted on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and stress found that the herb may be beneficial in preventing stomach ulcers caused by stress. [50] The herb is also active in reducing tension, anger, and confusion.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Arthritis

    Korean red ginseng may be used as an alternative treatment option for arthritis. [51] The herb is widely used in recent times to combat rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of the condition. The herb is especially useful for Rheumatoid arthritis because the condition is characterized by the inflammation of the joint.

    A study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for arthritis found that one of the active components of the herb – ginsenosides may be beneficial for the condition as it reduces inflammation in septic shock, dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. [52] The researchers also found that Korean red ginseng may be effective in fighting autoimmune diseases.

    Another study found that the herb may ameliorate arthritis in mice. [53] The finding of the study was corroborated by another study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and arthritis. The herb also treats other forms of arthritis. [54] For instance, it was found to be an effective remedy for autoimmune arthritis by suppressing the activation of T cell. [55]

    Korean Red Ginseng and Asthma

    Another amazing benefit of Korean red ginseng is the effectiveness of the herb in treating asthma in some patients. The condition is characterized by the blockage of airways in the lungs. It is usually accompanied by symptoms like shortness of breath, coughing and sneezing. If asthma is left untreated, it may cause irreversible damage to lung tissue, or so it was thought.

    New findings now suggest that Korean red ginseng may be beneficial in reversing lung damage caused by asthma no matter how severe. The researchers looked into the benefit of Korean red ginseng for asthma and found that medical therapies used to manage the condition such as inhaled steroids may be beneficial in reducing inflammation but may not be effective in healing damage lung tissues. Korean red ginseng has been found to be effective in reversing lung histopathology. [56]

    Another study conducted to investigate the relationship between Korean red ginseng and asthma found that the herb reduced the nasal allergic inflammatory reaction in an allergic murine model by reducing Th2 cytokines. [57]

    Additionally, it was found that the herbal supplement inhibited asthmatic reactions including an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues, an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway luminal narrowing. [58]

    All this, made researchers conclude that Korean red ginseng may be safely used as a therapeutic agent in asthma, based on reductions of various allergic responses.

    Korean Red Ginseng And Bodybuilding

    Have you been working yourself out in the gym with no progress? Korean red ginseng may be the answer you have been looking for. The herb is believed to offer muscle building benefits to its users. Korean red ginseng contains an amino acid that may be beneficial in building muscles in the body. [59]

    The herb may stimulate the synthesis of protein in the muscle by encouraging nitrogen retention in the muscle. The herb is also found to be effective in reducing the levels of cortisol, (a hormone that may tear down muscle) which in turn prevents catabolism. This helps the body to retain muscle mass instead of utilizing it for fuel.

    A study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and bodybuilding found that the herb may be beneficial in improving energy and endurance by boosting the activities of the adrenal glands during workouts.

    The study authors from California State Polytechnic University (Pomona) found that the herb may be beneficial in aiding muscle growth over time by preventing the body from utilizing muscle mass for energy.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Sex

    Korean red ginseng may also offer many sexual health benefits to its users. The herb was used in ancient Chinese medicine to treat sexual health-related conditions like low sperm count [60], low libido, erectile dysfunction [61], and hormonal imbalance. People who take the herb report improved sex drive, sexual performance, and sexual satisfaction.

    Apart from balancing sex hormones, the interaction between Korean red ginseng and sex could also lead to a significant increase in the levels of testosterone in men and estrogen in women. This helps to combat decreased sexual performance caused by a reduction in sex hormones due to age, menopause or other known reasons. The best ginseng for sex is the fermented variant of Korean red ginseng as it is more potent and easily absorbed by the body.

    Korean Red Ginseng And Inflammation

    Korean red ginseng may be beneficial in reducing inflammation, and pain in the body by targeting the immune system pathways linked to the condition. A study published in the Journal of Translational Medicine found that one of the active components of the herb – Ginsenosides offers anti-inflammatory benefits. [62] Apart from its anti-inflammatory benefits, Korean red ginseng also offers antioxidant benefits.

    The herb was found to be beneficial in increasing the antioxidant capacity of cells in the body thus leading to a significant reduction inflammation. [63] Another study conducted on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and inflammation discovered that the herb led to improved the activities of antioxidant in skin cells of individuals diagnosed with eczema which in turn led to a significant reduction in inflammation. [64]

    Korean Red Ginseng And Immune System

    Korean red ginseng may be used as an immune system booster. The herb was traditionally used to treat people with weak immune systems by maintaining the homeostasis thus helping the body to repel diseases and infections that may try to attack it.

    A study conducted on the health benefits of Korean red ginseng for immune system found that it may be beneficial in improving the functions of immune cells like natural killer cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. [65] Many studies on the topic focused heavily on the effect of the herb on cancer patients.

    Most of the studies found that Korean red ginseng root extract contains several antimicrobial properties and polyacetylene compounds that may be beneficial in making the body resilient to both viral and bacterial infections that may attack it. The herb was found to offer significant immune system improvements in stomach cancer patients that underwent surgery. [66]

    Additionally, it was found that Korean red ginseng may lead to about 35 percent increased chance of living disease-free life for up to five years following curative surgery and about 38 percent increased survival rate compared people that do not take the herb. [67] Although the herb leads to significant improvement in the immune system markers of cancer patients, it is not known if it will have similar effects in healthy individuals. [68]

    Red Korean Ginseng and Influenza

    The herb may also be beneficial in treating and preventing influenza. Korean red ginseng has served this purpose for centuries and it is still used to remedy the condition till date. A study conducted on the relationship between Korean red ginseng and influenza found that there may be a link between the herb and the prevention and treatment of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and influenza. [69]

    Other studies conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for influenza found that the herb may be beneficial in improving the survival rate of the lung epithelial cells that are infected with the influenza virus in the human body. [70] The herb was also found to be active in boosting the effect of vaccinations against many diseases including influenza.

    Korean Red Ginseng and Circulation

    The herb may also be beneficial in aiding the proper circulation of blood in the body. Poor circulation of blood may lead to a number of conditions including fatigue, weakness, numbness, and even cardiovascular and cognitive disorders. It may also lead to sexual health-related issues in both men and women.

    Red Korean ginseng root extract has been found to be beneficial in aiding proper blood circulation to all organs and parts of the body, thus leading to a better distribution of nutrients and oxygen to all organs. [71] By performing this function, the herb helps to improve the overall mental and physical well being of the body.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Cholesterol

    Korean red ginseng may lower the levels of bad LDL cholesterol in the body. Introducing the herb to your diet may help reduce the levels of total cholesterol in your blood thus reducing the risk of developing heart disease and even stroke.

    A study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for cholesterol found that ginsenosides found in the herb may be beneficial in reducing the levels of total and LDL cholesterol. [72] You may use Korean red ginseng coffee or even capsules to maintain a healthy level of cholesterol.

    Korean Red Ginseng And Fertility

    Korean ginseng has also been found to be beneficial in preventing and reversing infertility in men. [73] It is believed that this benefit is attributable to the effectiveness of the herb in boosting the levels of testosterone in the body. Higher levels of the hormone usually translate to improved sexual health. Korean red ginseng for fertility also helps to increase the quality and quantity of sperm which is a supporting factor for fertility in men.

    A study conducted to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and fertility found that the herb may be beneficial in improving the chances of conception in the partners of men who took it. [74] The herbal supplement may also be beneficial in aiding proper blood circulation in the body, increased energy and improved heart health which may help a person feel energetic and young again.

    Although the herb has been found to be beneficial in increasing sex drive and enhancing sexual performance in women, Korean red ginseng benefit for female fertility is still not known.

    However, it is believed that the herb may be beneficial in treating the condition indirectly. This is because Korean red ginseng is beneficial in regulating the menstrual cycle, balancing hormones and treating fertility related conditions.

    For instance, a study conducted on the topic found that ginsenosides may be beneficial in treating premature ovarian failure (POF) in female mice. [75] The researchers added that due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the chemical compound, there was a significant reduction in ovarian pathological damages and improved fertility.

    Korean red ginseng was also found to be beneficial in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats. [76] The finding of the study was corroborated by another study that looked into the benefits of the herb for female fertility. [77]

    Korean Red Ginseng Benefits for Men

    Apart from the general benefits of Korean ginseng, the herb also offers a few unique benefits for men. Some of the common Korean red ginseng benefits for men include the possibility of treating male osteoporosis, boosting sex drive, treatment for late-onset hypogonadism, age-related testosterone decline, penis enhancement, male infertility, powerful ejaculation and much more. Here are a few other benefits of Korean red ginseng for men.

    Korean Red Ginseng For ED

    Red Korean ginseng root extract may be beneficial in treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. The herbal supplement has been used for centuries to treat impotence and other conditions

    relating to male sexual health. The condition is characterized by the inability to attain and maintain erections.

    A study conducted on the effects of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction found that the herb led to a significant improvement in the symptoms of ED. [78] It has also been found that the chemical components of the herb may significantly improve and prevent oxidative stress in penis tissues and blood vessels thereby restoring the male sex organ to normal function.

    This is believed to be the reason why many researchers who investigated into the relationship between Korean red ginseng and impotence concluded that the herb may be used as a safe and effective alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction in men.

    Furthermore, a study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for erections found that the herb may be beneficial in stimulating the production of nitric oxide which in turn leads to proper blood circulation and muscle relaxation in the penis. [79] The herb may also lead to an increase in penis size as well as powerful ejaculation.

    Korean Red Ginseng And Sperm Count

    Red Korean ginseng may also be beneficial for the treatment of low sperm count in people diagnosed with the condition. The condition is characterized by having less than 20 million sperm cells per ejaculation. Low sperm count may have a negative impact on your sexual health and it is believed to be one of the major causes of male infertility.

    A study conducted on the benefits of Korean red ginseng for sperm count found that the herb may be beneficial in stimulating the production of more sperm cells as well as increasing semen quantity. [80], [81] Additionally, red Korean ginseng helps to improve the quality of sperm which may, in turn, treat fertility issues relating to sperm quality and quantity.

    Benefits of Korean Red Ginseng For Women

    Many studies have confirmed the benefits of the superfood for men but the question on the lips of many is Korean red ginseng good for women? Korean red ginseng benefits for women are numerous and the herb may be safely used to manage conditions relating to female health.

    The common benefits of Korean red ginseng for women health include but are not limited to treatment of female osteoporosis, breast cancer treatment, and prevention, reduction of pain relating to childbirth, polycystic ovary syndrome as well as female infertility. Here are other benefits of Korean red ginseng for women.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Menopause

    Red Korean ginseng may be beneficial for women in the menopausal phase. The herb is usually prescribed by herbal specialists to alleviate the symptoms associated with menopause in women undergoing the phase.

    The phase is critical in the lives of many women and is mostly accompanied by several unpleasant symptoms like anxiety, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, hormonal imbalance, night sweats, low libido, irritability, weight gain, depression, hair thinning, and many others.

    A study conducted on 32 menopausal women to check the relationship between Korean red ginseng and menopause found that the herbal supplement may be active in returning sexual fantasies to this category of women as well as ameliorating other symptoms that accompany the menopausal phase. [82] The herb was also found to be beneficial in the treatment of Acute Menopausal Syndrome.

    Another study conducted on the benefit of Korean red ginseng for menopause found that the help offered a quick relief for menopausal symptoms. [83] The researchers also found that it conferred favorable effects on markers of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Menstrual Cycle

    The numerous health benefits of Korean red ginseng also extends to treating and preventing premenstrual syndrome as well as alleviating the unpleasant symptoms that accompany the period. The herb is also beneficial in regulating the menstrual cycle and treating painful periods. [84]

    If the issues relating to menstrual cycles is left untreated, it may lead to a number of conditions including infertility. Although you may use Korean red ginseng tea for quick relief from menstrual cramps, it is recommended to take a more concentrated form of the herb such as ginseng capsules.

    Korean Red Ginseng For Estrogen

    Korean red ginseng may also be used to balance hormones in the body and return the body to a younger state. This effect of the herb may be beneficial to women in both menopausal and postmenopausal phase. Korean red ginseng helps to regulate the levels of estrogen which usually swings during these periods.

    However, it is important to state that women of all ages may experience estrogen imbalance including teens and those in their twenties. The benefits of Korean red ginseng for estrogen may be attributable to the phytoestrogens effects of the herb which allows it to be safely used as a replacement for human estrogen hormone. [85]

    Korean Red Ginseng Side Effects

    The herb is generally believed to be safe when taken in small quantities over a short period of time. Meanwhile, the same cannot be said about taking red Korean ginseng in large quantities over a long period of time. Studies conducted on Korean red ginseng side effects and safety found that only a few participants recorded mild to moderate side effects. [86]

    In addition, participants administered with the herb rarely showed any adverse side effects. This made the researchers conclude that adverse Korean red ginseng side effects are not common and that the herb is generally safe. Women may experience swollen breast, breast pain, and vaginal bleeding.

    Other common Korean red ginseng side effects include insomnia, sleep disorders, anxiety, headaches, low or high blood pressure, breast pain, menstrual irregularities, itching, lack of appetite, skin rash, diarrhea, moodiness, headaches, changes in blood sugar levels, digestive problems, irritability, nervousness, edema, blurred vision, bleeding, dry mouth, dizziness, decreased heart rate, delirium, and seizures.

    Also included in the line up are agitation, excitation, fidgeting, tremor, palpitations, increased body temperature, decreased appetite, eczema, restlessness, urinary and bowel incontinence, increased respiration, decreased sensitivity and reaction to light, cyanotic facial complexion, and red facial complexion. However, it is important to state that the side effects do not happen to everyone as there are people who take the herb in large doses over a long period of time with no adverse reactions.

    Possible Korean Red Ginseng Interactions

    Although adverse side effects are not common with Korean red ginseng, people suffering from certain conditions may experience severe effects after taking the herb. It is advised to consult your medical practitioner before taking Korean red ginseng if you are suffering from heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, liver disease, and kidney disease.

    It is also advised to avoid the herb if you have a bleeding disorder, hormone-sensitive condition, autoimmune disease, schizophrenia, have received an organ transplant, or are undergoing or recovering from surgery.

    Korean red ginseng may also interact with some pharmaceuticals medications. The herbal supplement may lead to an adverse side effect is taken with antidepressants medications such as MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors). It is reported that if the herb is taken with these class of medications may lead to tremors and manic episodes.

    Other medications that may interact with Korean red ginseng include nifedipine, heart disease medications, blood thinners such as aspirin and warfarin, morphine, insulin, glipizide, glyburide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, repaglinide, metformin, NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), ardeparin, dalteparin, danaparoid, enoxaparin, and heparin.

    The herb may also accelerate the effects of stimulants like caffeine and lead to unpleasant side effects like palpitations, insomnia or even profuse sweating.

    Korean Red Ginseng And Pregnancy

    The safety and interaction between Korean red ginseng and pregnancy are yet to be established. The same goes for the relationship between Korean red ginseng and breastfeeding. For this reason, it is advised for this category of individuals to avoid taking the herb until after pregnancy and lactation. It is also advised to consult with your health practitioner to know if it is safe to take Korean red ginseng root extract before going ahead to start the herbal therapy.

    Furthermore, it is not known if Korean red ginseng is safe for kids and so the herb should not be administered without medical advice.

    How To Take Ginseng

    This brings us to the question, how to take ginseng? There are different ways to take the herb but some forms are believed to be more potent and concentrated than others.

    How to use Korean red ginseng differs from society to society. It is taken in different forms across the globe including incorporating it into alcoholic beverages, making it into soups, teas, as well as mixing it with other potent herbal supplements. The fresh root of the herb may also be steamed or sliced and consumed raw for food and its healing benefits.

    Korean red ginseng supplements are also available in different forms for people who want to use the herb to support their health. The common forms of taking the herb are as tea, powder, extract pill, tincture, candy, jelly, and capsule.

    Korean Red Ginseng Extract

    As already mentioned above, different parts of the plant including the root, fruits, and stem are believed to contain medicinal properties but the root is the part most used for the extract on the market today. In ancient Chinese medicine, the root of the plant is boiled and the extract is sieved and used as a tonic to treat people suffering from chronic illnesses or convalescents.

    The herb has grown in both usage and acceptability in recent times and it is now used to treat conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders, stress, sleep disorders, and many others. The root extract of ginseng is preferable compared to extracts from other parts of the plant because of its safer and non-toxic.

    The constant advancement of technology has also made it easy to cultivate, extract and package Korean red ginseng root extract in large quantities in standard facilities. Although the herb may still be consumed in the traditional form by boiling the root and drinking the water from the herb, it is important to state that this may not be a great idea.

    Fresh Korean red ginseng root may be contaminated by pollutants and heavy metals from the field where it was cultivated. Recent manufacturing and extraction facilities coupled with the careful lab testing process now used in the herbal extract industry makes it easy to identify and eliminate these pollutants before supplying the finished products thus making the herb safe for consumption.

    If you resolve to take the fresh or dried root, you may not be able to determine if it is contaminated or not. In addition, the fresh or dried root may not be as potent and concentrated as the extract found on the market today and thus may not be effective in treating the condition you intend to manage with the herb.

    To enjoy the maximum Korean red ginseng extract benefits, it is recommended to go for the most potent and concentrated variant of the herb. For instance, most products are standardized to a concentration of 10:1, which means 10 grams of Korean red ginseng root extract is used to produce 1 gram of the final product.

    Furthermore, when buying red Korean ginseng root extract, it is also advised to go for the capsule form as it is more potent, easier to store and consume as well as makes it easy for you to determine your dosage with much ease compared to the other forms like beverages and teas. Checking the ingredient in an extract before purchasing it is also highly recommended.

    It is advised to avoid extracts, the concentration of which is not specified or those that contain additives. Go for only a pure red Korean ginseng root extract. The fermented variant of Korean red ginseng root extract is also better compared to those that are not fermented as it is easier for the body to absorb and utilize.

    Korean Red Ginseng Soap

    Korean red ginseng is available in a soap form. Many manufacturers incorporate the herb into beauty soaps because of Korean red ginseng benefits for the skin. The herbal supplement in this form reportedly nourishes and exfoliates the skin to give its users a bright and glowing skin.

    Korean red ginseng beauty soap may also be beneficial in treating skin related conditions including acne and rashes. However, it is important that Korean red ginseng soap may not be as effective for skin because of its low concentration compared to other forms of the herbal extract.

    Korean Red Ginseng Supplement

    The herb may be easily incorporated into a diet for its numerous healing benefits. There are several Korean red ginseng health benefits for people of different age groups. This is the reason why the herb is widely used as a dietary supplement to support the health, prevent diseases as well as treat conditions in individual already diagnosed. There are different forms of taking Korean red ginseng supplement but the capsule is believed to be the safest and the most potent form.

    You can find the red Korean ginseng supplements come in several forms to include:

    • Powder
    • Tincture
    • Tea
    • Capsules
    • Jelly
    • Candy
    • Extract pill

    Here is more information on each one.

    Korean Red Ginseng Powder

    Korean red ginseng root extract is available in powdered form. The herb is processed into this form by manufacturers and then supplies it to other companies that incorporate it into food, drinks, supplements, and skin care product. Other manufacturers supply Korean red ginseng powder directly to the final consumers.

    The powdered form of the herbal supplement may be taken with milk or incorporated in a diet. However, it is important to state that red Korean ginseng in this form is often bad tasting and may require courage to swallow. In addition, it may be difficult to analyze your dosage with Korean red ginseng powder.

    Korean Red Ginseng Tea

    Have you ever tried Korean Red Ginseng Tea? It is processed by many manufacturers into the tea bags. The herbal supplement in this form can be enjoyed for both its medicinal and refreshing benefits. Korean red ginseng tea benefits include reducing menstrual cramps, better sleep and much more.

    How to drink Korean red ginseng tea is the same as the traditional tea. However, it is important to state that the Korean ginseng tea may not be potent enough for your condition compared to other forms of the herb that are more concentrated. How to prepare Korean red ginseng tea is also no different from that of the traditional tea. You may add sweetener as desired.

    Korean Red Ginseng Drink

    Korean red ginseng extract is incorporated into many energy drinks available on the market today. Manufacturers incorporate the herb into drinks because of its medicinal benefits for general and sexual health. Korean red ginseng energy drink is both medicinal and refreshing for its users but it is important to state that the herb in this form may not be as concentrated as other forms of the herb like Korean red ginseng capsule.

    Korean Red Ginseng Candy

    The herb is also available in the candy form. Herbal supplement manufacturers now incorporate the 6000-year old medicinal plant into candies. Korean red ginseng candy may be consumed in the same way as traditional candies. It offers both medicinal and refreshing benefits to its users but just like the above-listed forms, Korean ginseng candy may not be concentrated enough to manage your condition.

    Korean Red Ginseng Jelly

    Korean red ginseng jelly is available on the market for individuals who may want to use the herbal supplement to manage their condition just like the traditional jellies, Korean red ginseng jelly may be enjoyed on its own or incorporated in a diet. The herb in this form is generally safe and only mild symptoms have been reported by some users. Although Korean red ginseng jelly may not be concentrated enough for your condition it is ideal for individuals who do not like to take pills.

    Korean Red Ginseng Extract Pill

    Korean red ginseng extract pill is another form in which the herb may be consumed. However, many people who do not like pills do not enjoy the herb in this form. Although Korean red ginseng chewable pill is more concentrated compared to the herb in the form of candies and jellies, the capsule form is better.

    Korean Red Ginseng Capsules

    Korean red ginseng capsule is one of the forms in which the herb is ingested. This is the best and most concentrated form of taking the herb. Korean red ginseng powder is encapsulated by many manufacturers before supplying the herbal supplement to the final consumer for easy consumption.

    This is the most popular form because it is easy to ingest and track your does without having to worry about the taste of the herbal supplement. Korean red ginseng capsules benefits are more compared to other forms because of its high concentration.

    Korean Red Ginseng Dosage

    Some people believe that herbal supplements need not have any dosage recommendations and that there is no too much or too little dose of it, but this is not true. It is advised to read the Korean red ginseng dosage guidelines provided by the manufacturer before going ahead to buy the herbal extract. Avoid products that provide no information with regards to dosage or concentration of the herbal supplement.

    It is advised to use Korean red ginseng capsules as users will be able to easily know and determine their dosage of the herb without any difficulty compared to other forms that the herb is consumed. In addition, it is the most potent form of taking Korean red ginseng root extract. The recommended Korean red ginseng extract dosage is 300 mg twice daily. This is believed to be both effective and safe in treating the conditions you intend to manage with the herb.

    Korean Ginseng Dosage Cycling

    There is some controversy about cycling ginseng, some people think it should be cycled and some others don’t. When combining with other products, some people take them alternatively (example: 4 days of Tongkat Ali, then 4 days of ginseng). I personally believe that ginseng should not be cycled because it is an adaptogen food: it contains many beneficial nutrients for the body and endocrine system. Hence, I think that the best result is obtained with continuous use.

    Why Use Fermented Korean Red Ginseng?

    New findings suggest that the health benefits of the herb can be boosted through the process of fermentation. It is believed that fermentation may significantly increase the phytochemical content, antioxidant benefits and healing capabilities of the herb.

    Many studies conducted on the safety and benefits of Korean red ginseng root extract found that the herb contains many phytochemicals which may pass right through the stomach and small intestines without even being absorbed by the body. [87] Meanwhile, the body may only start to absorb the herb when it reaches the large intestine.

    It is believed that this is because the gut starts to ferment the herb at this point thus allowing to body to absorb it with less difficulty. Meanwhile, it is important to state that the fermentation process begins just before the herb is excreted. This may prevent the herb from being completely absorbed before it is metabolized by the body.

    Additionally, this may also reduce the efficacy of Korean red ginseng for the condition you intend to manage by taking it. This issue has been resolved as many herbal supplement manufacturers now produced fermented Korean red ginseng root extract. These producers now ferment the herb using a process similar to that of the large intestine.

    Fermented Korean red ginseng has an increased percentage of ginsenoside (About 20 percent) compared to its non-fermented counterpart. In addition, the ginsenoside metabolites of Korean red ginseng that passes through fermentation are doubled compared to that of those that did not.

    The total polyphenol content of the fermented Korean red ginseng was also significantly higher (about 37 percent).

    More importantly, fermented red Korean ginseng is easily and quickly absorbed through both skin and intestinal tissue. This invariably means fermentation makes the herb more bioavailable.

    A study conducted by researchers from Korea’s Yonsei University found that fermentation helps to boost the effect of Korean ginseng. The researchers found that fermented Korean red ginseng had more ginsenoside metabolites after about four days of fermentation (from about 4,637 micrograms per liter to 7,581 micrograms per liter). It was also found that fermented Korean red ginseng significantly inhibited the growth of lung tumors in mice (By about 80 percent).

    This is higher compared to non-fermented Korean red ginseng that inhibited the growth of the tumor by about at 67 percent. Fermentation also led to increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and IgG levels in the healthy human blood.

    Korean White Ginseng vs Red Ginseng

    There are different types of Korean ginseng but the most common among them are the white and red Korean ginseng. Both variants of the herb are effective and are extracted for their medicinal benefits. However, when comparing Korean white ginseng vs red ginseng, you will find that even with their many similarities, the two differ.

    The major difference between the two variants of Korean ginseng is in terms of concentration and potency. The reason why many people take the herbal supplements is either to remedy a health condition or maintain a healthy body and mind. There is no use taking the herb if it will not be concentrated enough to manage your condition.

    Korean White Ginseng

    Korean white ginseng commonly referred to as untreated ginseng is relatively less concentrated compared to its red counterpart. After harvesting the raw fresh ginseng, it is peeled and dried to form Korean white ginseng. However, it is important to state that White ginseng is only dried without first passing through any heating process.

    Herbal supplement experts state that the herb is peeled and dried so as to reduce the water content to make storage and transportation less tasking. Since the white ginseng only passes through a sun drying process, the herb may lose the potency and concentration of most of its therapeutic components.

    Furthermore, it is believed that the sun drying process may also lead to a significant break down of the enzymes contained in Korean white ginseng root because the heat of the sun tends to bleach the herb to a whitish-yellow color – the reason why itis called white ginseng. This variant of Korean ginseng is believed to be less potent compared to the red variation of the herb.

    Korean Red Ginseng

    Korean red ginseng, on the other hand, is commonly referred to as cured ginseng because it passes through a careful and standard heating process (at 212 degrees F/98-100 degrees C for about three hours) that give results in its dark red appearance. This variant of Korean ginseng is believed to be more concentrated compared to its white counterpart, accounting for the reason why it is more popular and mostly used for clinical trials and the treatment of chronic conditions.

    Korean red ginseng is able to attain this level of fame and acceptability because of the careful steaming and drying process that it passes through ensures that the natural state of the herb is maintained. The process also ensures that red Korean ginseng retains all its important phytochemicals in the right proportion.

    This is the reason why the herb more potent compared to its white counterpart that loses the concentration of its major phytochemical during a sun drying and bleaching process. This standard process also makes Korean red ginseng less prone to decay during storage and transportation.

    A recent study conducted to look into the differences between the two types of Korean ginseng found that the efficacies of Korean red ginseng were found to be better than those of Korean white ginseng. [88]

    Where To Buy Korean Red Ginseng Extract?

    This now brings us to the question, where to buy Korean red ginseng extract? You may hardly encounter any difficulty when it comes to deciding where to buy red ginseng root extract. This is because there are many stores that list the products for sale including health and pharmaceutical stores like GNC, Watson’s and Walmart.

    You may also to get Korean red ginseng herbal supplement from traditional medicine stores in your city such as Chinese and Indian medicine stores. However, it is imperative to add that these stores may not offer the best product to manage your condition. This is major because the product they offer may not be of a high concentration.

    Furthermore, the Korean red ginseng root extract listed by these type of stores may be offered at a price that is not budget-friendly considering the quality and potency of their product. For the best deal, it is recommended to try online stores specifically designed to provide the general public with potent and highly concentrated standardized Korean red ginseng root extract.

    Where Can I Buy Korean Red Ginseng Online?

    So if you’re not going to buy it at a store, the next logical question is, where can I buy Korean red ginseng online? There are several online stores such as Amazon, and Walmart from which you can buy Korean red ginseng but extra caution should be exercised. This is because there are all kinds of extracts on the market today including less concentrated and counterfeit ones.

    The advantage of visiting online stores is that you can order products from the comfort of your home and have them delivered to your doorstep in discreet packaging.

    What Is the Best Korean Red Ginseng Brand?

    The best Korean ginseng is the standardized Korean red ginseng root extract because it is believed to be more potent compared to its white counterpart. While the latter loses a substantial concentration of its nutrient during extraction processes as a result of sun drying and bleaching, the former is believed to have retained its major phytochemicals in their natural forms.

    There are many counterfeit and less concentrated products on the market and it may be hard to tell which is genuine. There are a few important factors to look into before purchasing the best Korean red ginseng supplement. As already mentioned above, it is important to check the ingredient and concentration of the herbal supplement you are about to buy.

    This is to ensure that the Korean ginseng supplement you are about to buy does not contain additives and “other ingredients. If you’re reading reviews of a ginseng where the users are complaining of how Korean red ginseng was not effective in managing their conditions, it may be because they are not consuming the right concentration or for a long enough period. Another important factor to look into is the track record, ratings, and reviews of the manufacturer or seller.

    It is recommended to only purchase Korean red ginseng “root extract” and not that of the stem or leaves. There are several places to buy Korean red ginseng root extract but you may not find the right concentration and the best value for money. Also when considering purchasing the best Korean red ginseng extract for a cost-effective price, look at the potency and cost per gram.

    A good supplier will be able to supply you with a genuine and highly concentrated herbal supplement from Korean. Find a Korean red ginseng root extract that has a concentration ratio of 10:1, is fermented for easy absorption by the body, properly aged (6-year-old Korean red ginseng) and grown, harvested and extracted all in Korea.

    References   [ - ]

    1.

    Hou, J. P. (1977). The chemical constituents of ginseng plants. Comparative Medicine East and West, 5(2):123-45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/608333

    2.

    Lee, K. H., Bae, I. Y., Park, S. I., Park, J. D., & Lee, H. G. (2016). Antihypertensive effect of Korean Red Ginseng by enrichment of ginsenoside Rg3 and arginine-fructose. Journal of Ginseng Research, 40(3):237-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.002

    3.

    Lee, H. W., Lim, H. J., Jun, J. H., Choi, J., & Lee, M. S. (2017). Ginseng for Treating Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 15(6):549-556. doi: 10.2174/1570161115666170713092701

    4.

    Komishon, A. M., Shishtar, E., Ha, V., Sievenpiper, J. L., de Souza, R. J., Jovanovski, E., … Vuksan, V. (2016). The effect of ginseng (genus Panax) on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Journal of Human Hypertension, 30(10):619-26. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2016.18

    5.

    Murphy, L. L. & Lee, T. J. (2002). Ginseng, sex behavior, and nitric oxide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 962:372-7. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076988

    6.

    Bao, L., Cai, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, B., & Li, Y. (2016). Anti-Fatigue Effects of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in Mice. Nutrients, 8(12). pii: E807. DOI: 10.3390/nu8120807

    7.

    Wang, J., Li, S., Fan, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, D., Cheng, H., … Zhou, Y. (2010). Anti-fatigue activity of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 130(2):421-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.027

    8.

    Wang, J., Sun, C., Zheng, Y., Pan, H., Zhou, Y., & Fan, Y. (2014). The effective mechanism of the polysaccharides from Panax ginseng on chronic fatigue syndrome. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 37(4):530-8. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0235-y

    9.

    Kim, H. G., Cho, J. H., Yoo, S. R., Lee, J. S., Han, J. M., Lee, N. H., … Son, C. G. (2013). Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 8(4):e61271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061271

    10.

    Barton, D. L., Liu, H., Dakhil, S. R., Linquist, B., Sloan, J. A., Nichols, C. R., … Loprinzi, C. L. (2013). Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105(16):1230-8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt181

    11.

    Bach, H. V., Kim, J., Myung, S. K., & Cho, Y. A. (2016). Efficacy of Ginseng Supplements on Fatigue and Physical Performance: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(12):1879-1886. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.12.1879

    12.

    Vuksan, V., Sung, M. K., Sievenpiper, J. L., Stavro, P. M., Jenkins, A. L., Di Buono, M., … Naeem, A. (2008). Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(1):46-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.003

    13.

    Luo, J. Z. & Luo, L. (2009). Ginseng on hyperglycemia: Effects and mechanisms. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6(4):423-7. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nem178

    14.

    Shishtar, E., Sievenpiper, J. L., Djedovic, V., Cozma, A. I., Ha, V., Jayalath, V. H., … Vuksan, V. (2014). The effect of ginseng (the genus panax) on glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. PLoS ONE, 9(9):e107391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107391

    15.

    Trinh, H. T., Han, S. J., Kim, S. W., Lee, Y. C., & Kim, D. H. (2007). Bifidus fermentation increases hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of red ginseng. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17(7):1127-33. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18051323/

    16, 17.

    Kim, J. H., Hahm, D. H., Yang, D. C., Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., & Shim, I. (2005). Effect of crude saponin of Korean red ginseng on high-fat diet-induced obesity in the rat. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 97(1):124-31. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655288

    18.

    Seida, J. K., Durec, T., & Kuhle, S. (2011). North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011:282151. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep068

    19.

    High, K. P., Case, D., Hurd, D., Powell, B., Lesser, G., Falsey, A. R., … Shaw, E. G. (2012). A randomized, controlled trial of Panax quinquefolius extract (CVT-E002) to reduce respiratory infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 10(5):195-201. doi: 10.1016/j.suponc.2011.10.005

    20.

    Yamada, N., Araki, H., & Yoshimura, H. (2011). Identification of antidepressant-like ingredients in ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: participation of 5-HT2A receptors. Psychopharmacology, 216(4):589-99. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2252-1

    21.

    Xie, W., Meng, X., Zhai, Y., Zhou, P., Ye, T., Wang Z., … Sun, X. (2018). Panax Notoginseng Saponins: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Antidepressant or Anxiolytic Effects and Network Analysis on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Molecules, 23(4). pii: E940. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040940

    22.

    Choi, J. H., Lee, M. J., Jang, M., Kim, H. J., Lee, S., Lee, S. W., … Cho, I. H. (2018). Panax ginseng exerts antidepressant-like effects by suppressing neuroinflammatory response and upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 signaling in the amygdala. Journal of Ginseng Research, 42(1):107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.012

    23.

    Kim, J., Cho, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Cho, D., Kim, S., Park, C. W., … Shin, S. S. (2017). Effects of Korean ginseng berry on skin antipigmentation and antiaging via FoxO3a activation. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(3):277-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.05.005

    24.

    Kee, J. Y., Jeon, Y. D., Kim, D. S., Han, Y, H., Park, J., Youn, D. H., … Hong, S. H. (2017). Korean Red Ginseng improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(2):134-143. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.003

    25.

    Cho, S., Won, C. H., Lee, D. H., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., So, S. H., … Chung, J. H. (2009). Red ginseng root extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus improves facial wrinkles and increases type I procollagen synthesis in human skin: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(6):1252-9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1390

    26.

    Ko, H. J., Kim, I., Kim, J. B., Moon, Y., Whang, M. C., Lee, K. M., & Jung, S. P. (2014). Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on behavior in children with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 24(9):501-8. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0013

    27.

    Lee, J. M., Hah, J. O., & Kim, H. S. (2012). The effect of red ginseng extract on inflammatory cytokines after chemotherapy in children. Journal of Ginseng Research, 36(4):383-90. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.383

    28, 30.

    Lee, S. H., Park, W. S., & Lim, M. H. (2011). Clinical effects of Korean red ginseng on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: An observational study. Journal of Ginseng Research, 35(2):226-34. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.226

    29.

    Niederhofer, H. (2009). Panax ginseng may improve some symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 6(1):22-7. doi: 10.1080/19390210802687221

    31.

    Geng, J., Dong, J., Ni, H., Lee, M. S., Wu, T., Jiang, K., … Malouf, R. (2010). Ginseng for cognition. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12):CD007769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007769.pub2

    32.

    Oh, J. & Kim, J. S. (2016). Compound K derived from ginseng: Neuroprotection and cognitive improvement. Food and Function, 7(11):4506-4515. DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01077f

    33.

    Rausch, W. D., Liu, S., Gille, G., & Radad, K. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 66(4):369-75. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17265697

    34.

    Smith, I., Williamson, E. M., Putnam, S., Farrimond, J., & Whalley, B. J. (2014). Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition. Nutrition Reviews, 72(5):319-33. doi: 10.1111/nure.12099

    35.

    Ellis, J. M. & Reddy, P. (2002). Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 36(3):375-9. DOI: 10.1345/aph.1A245

    36.

    Reay, J. L., Scholey, A. B., & Kennedy, D. O. (2010). Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults. Human Psychopharmacology, 25(6):462-71. doi: 10.1002/hup.1138

    37.

    Heo, J. H., Lee, S. T., Oh, M. J., Park, H. J., Shim, J. Y., Chu, K., & Kim, M. (2011). Improvement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer’s disease patients by long-term treatment with Korean red ginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research, 35(4):457-61. Doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.457

    38.

    Heo, J. H., Lee, S. T., Chu, K., Oh, M. J., Park, H. J., Shim, J.Y., & Kim, M. (2008). An open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. European Journal of Neurology, 15(8):865-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02157.x

    39.

    Heo, J. H., Lee, S. T., Chu, K., Oh, M. J., Park, H. J., Shim, J. Y., & Kim, M. (2012). Heat-processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease. Nutritional Neuroscience, 15(6):278-82. doi: 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000027

    40, 62.

    Lee, D. C., Yang, C. L., Chik, S. C., Li, J. C., Rong, J. H., Chan, G. C., & Lau, A. S. (2009). Bioactivity-guided identification and cell signaling technology to delineate the immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng on human promonocytic U937 cells. Journal of Translational Medicine, 7:34. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-34

    41.

    Han, H. J., Kim, H. Y., Choi, J. J., Ahn, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Oh, K. W., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Effects of red ginseng extract on sleeping behaviors in human volunteers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149(2):597-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.005

    42.

    Dai, X., Zhou, Y., & Yu, X. (1999). Effect of ginseng injection in treating congestive heart failure and its influence on thyroid hormones. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 19(4):209-11. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11783267

    43.

    Gao, J. L., Lv, G. Y., He, B. C., Zhang, B. Q., Zhang, H., Wang, N., … He, T. C. (2013). Ginseng saponin metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits tumor growth by targeting multiple cancer signaling pathways. Oncology Reports, 30(1):292-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2438

    44.

    Wang, C. Z., Anderson, S., DU, W., He, T. C., & Yuan, C. S. (2016). Red ginseng and cancer treatment. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 14(1):7-16. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2016.00007

    45.

    Jin, X., Che, D. B., Zhang, Z. H., Yan, H. M., Jia, Z. Y., & Jia, X. B. (2016). Ginseng consumption and risk of cancer: A meta-analysis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 40(3):269-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.007

    46.

    Wong, A. S., Che, C. M., & Leung, K. W. (2015). Recent advances in ginseng as cancer therapeutics: A functional and mechanistic overview. Natural Product Reports, 32(2):256-72. doi: 10.1039/c4np00080c

    47.

    Kim, H. G., Cho, J. H., Yoo, S. R., Lee, J. S., Han, J. M., Lee, N. H., … Son, C. G. (2013). Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 8(4):e61271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061271

    48.

    Park, G. H., Park, K. Y., Cho, H. I., Lee, S. M., Han, J. S., Won, C. H., … Lee, D. H. (2015). Red ginseng extract promotes the hair growth in cultured human hair follicles. Journal of Medicinal Foods, 18(3):354-62. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3031

    49.

    Lee, S. & Rhee, D. (2017). Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression, anxiety, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(4): 589–594. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.010

    50.

    Inoue, E., Shimizu, Y., Shoji, M., Tsuchida, H., Sano, Y., & Ito, C. (2005). Pharmacological properties of N-095, a drug containing red ginseng, polygala root, saffron, antelope horn, and aloe wood. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 33(1):49-60. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X05002655

    51.

    Yu, T., Rhee, M. H., Lee, J., Kim, S. H., Yang, Y., Kim, H. G., … Cho, J. Y. (2016). Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis, and Arthritis. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 44(3):595-615. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X16500336

    52, 54.

    Jhun, J., Lee, J., Byun, J. K., Kim, E. K., Woo, J. W., Lee, J. H., … Cho, M. L. (2014). Red ginseng extract ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via regulation of STAT3 pathway, Th17/Treg balance, and osteoclastogenesis in mice and human. Mediators of Inflammation, 351856. doi: 10.1155/2014/351856

    53.

    Zhang, L., Zhu, M., Li, M., Du, Y., Duan, S., Huang, Y., … Fu, F. (2017). Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats via modulation of PPAR-γ/NF-κB signal pathway. Oncotarget, 8(33):55384-55393. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19526

    55.

    Chen, J., Wu, H., Wang, Q., Chang, Y., Liu, K., Song, S., … Wei, W. (2014). Ginsenoside metabolite compound k alleviates adjuvant-induced arthritis by suppressing T cell activation. Inflammation, 37(5):1608-15. doi: 10.1007/s10753-014-9887-0

    56.

    Babayigit, A., Olmez, D., Karaman, O., Bagriyanik, H. A., Yilmaz, O., Kivcak, B., … Uzuner, N. (2008). Ginseng ameliorates chronic histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. Allergy and Asthma Proceeding, 29(5):493-8. doi: 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3137

    57.

    Jung, J. H., Kang, I. G., Kim, D. Y., Hwang, Y. J., & Kim, S. T. (2013). The effect of Korean red ginseng on allergic inflammation in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 37(2):167-75. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.167

    58.

    Jung, I. D., Kim, H. Y., Park, J. W., Lee, C. M., Noh, K. T., Kang, H. K., … Park, Y. M. (2012). RG-II from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer suppresses asthmatic reaction. BMP Reports, 45(2):79-84. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.2.79

    59.

    Ma, G. D., Chiu, C. H., Hsu, Y. J., Hou, C. W., Chen, Y. M., & Huang, C. C. (2017). Changbai Mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) Extract Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance and Energy Utilization and Decreases Fatigue-Associated Parameters in Mice. Molecules, 22(2). pii: E237. doi: 10.3390/molecules22020237

    60, 81.

    Park, W. S., Shin, D. Y., Kim, D. R., Yang, W. M., Chang, M. S., & Park, S. K. (2007). Korean ginseng induces spermatogenesis in rats through the activation of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM). Fertility and Sterility, 88(4):1000-2. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.014

    61.

    Lee, H. S., Lee, Y. J., Chung, Y. H., Lee, M. Y., Kim, S. T., Ko, S. K., … Jeong, J. H. (2016). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng on penile erection. Journal of Ginseng Research, 40(4):334-343. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.10.003

    63.

    Park, B. G., Jung, H. J., Cho, Y. W., Lim, H. W., & Lim, C. J. (2013). Potentiation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of cultured wild ginseng root extract through probiotic fermentation. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 65(3):457-64. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12004

    64.

    Hong, C. E. & Lyu, S. Y. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Extract in HumanKeratinocytes. Immune Network, 11(1):42-9. doi: 10.4110/in.2011.11.1.42

    65.

    Lee, M. H., Lee, B. H., Jung, J. Y., Cheon, D. S., Kim, K. T., & Choi, C. (2011). Antiviral Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Ginsenosides on Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus as Surrogates for Human Norovirus. Journal of Ginseng Research, 35(4): 429–435. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.429

    66.

    Suh, S. O., Kim, J., & Cho, M. Y. (2004). Prospective Study for Korean Red Ginseng Extract as an Immune Modulator Following a Curative Gastric Resection in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer. Journal of Ginseng Research, 28(2):104-110. DOI: 10.5142/JGR.2004.28.2.104

    67.

    Boo, Y. J., Park, J. M., Jin, K., & Suh, S. O. (2007). Prospective Study for Korean Red Ginseng Extract as an Immune Modulator following a Curative Surgery in Patients with Advanced Colon Cancer. Journal of Ginseng Research, 31(1). doi: 10.5142/JGR.2007.31.1.054

    68.

    Block, K. I. & Mead, M. N. (2003). Immune system effects of echinacea, ginseng, and astragalus: A review. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2(3):247-67. doi: 10.1177/1534735403256419

    69.

    Scaglione, F., Cattaneo, G., Alessandria, M., & Cogo, R. (1996). Efficacy and safety of the standardized Ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research, 22(2):65-72. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879982

    70.

    Lee, J. S., Ko, E. J., Hwang, H. S., Lee, Y. N., Kwon, Y. M., Kim, M. C., & Kang, S. M. (2014). Antiviral activity of ginseng extract against respiratory syncytial virus infection. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34(1): 183–190. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1750

    71.

    Kang, J., Lee, N., Ahn, Y., & Lee, H. (2013). Study on improving blood flow with Korean red ginseng substances using digital infrared thermal imaging and Doppler sonography: randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel design. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33(1):39-45. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23596810

    72.

    Kim, M. H., Lee, E. J., Cheon, J. M., Nam, K. J., Oh, T. H., & Kim, K. S. (2016). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of fermented red ginseng against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Laboratory Animal Research, 32(4):217-223. doi: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.4.217

    73.

    Leung, K. W. & Wong, A. S. T. (2013). Ginseng and male reproductive function. Spermatogenesis, 3(3): e26391. doi: 10.4161/spmg.26391

    74, 80.

    Park, H. J., Choe, S., & Park, N. C. (2016). Effects of Korean red ginseng on semen parameters in male infertility patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 22(7):490-5. doi: 10.1007/s11655-015-2139-9

    75.

    He, L., Ling, L., Wei, T., Wang, Y., & Xiong, Z. (2017). Ginsenoside Rg1 improves fertility and reduces ovarian pathological damages in premature ovarian failure model of mice. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 242(7):683-691. doi: 10.1177/1535370217693323

    76.

    Pak, S. C., Lim, S. C., Nah, S. Y., Lee, J., Hill, J. A., & Bae, C. S. (2005). Role of Korean red ginseng total saponins in rat infertility induced by polycystic ovaries. Fertility and Sterility, 84 Suppl 2:1139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.042

    77.

    Jung, J. H., Park, H. T., Kim, T., Jeong, M. J., Lim, S. C., Nah, S. Y., … Bae, C. S. (2011). Therapeutic effect of Korean red ginseng extract on infertility caused by polycystic ovaries. Journal of Ginseng Research, 35(2):250-5. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.250

    78.

    Hong, B., Ji, Y. H., Hong, J. H., Nam, K. Y., & Ahn, T. Y. (2002). A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: A preliminary report. The Journal of Urology, 168(5):2070-3. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000034387.21441.87

    79.

    McKay, D. (2004). Nutrients and botanicals for erectile dysfunction: Examining the evidence. Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutics, 9(1):4-16. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15005641

    82.

    Oh, K. J., Chae, M. J., Lee, H. S., Hong, H. D., & Park, K. (2010). Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: Placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(4 Pt 1):1469-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01700.x

    83.

    Kim, S. Y., Seo, S. K., Choi, Y. M., Jeon, Y. E., Lim, K. J., Cho, S., … Lee, B. S. (2012). Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Menopause, 19(4):461-6. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182325e4b

    84.

    Elgoly, A. H. M., Wahman, L. F., & Yousef, M. H. (2018). Can Panax Ginseng protect against fertility disorders in hypothyroid female albino rats? Cell and Molecular Biology, 64(13):97-102. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30403603

    85.

    Park, J., Song, H., Kim, S. K., Lee, M. S., Rhee, D. K., & Lee, Y. (2017). Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(2):215-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.005

    86.

    National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Site. (n.d.). Asian Ginseng. Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/asianginseng/ataglance.htm

    87.

    Xiao, D., Xiu, Y., Yue, H., Sun, X., Zhao, H., & Liu, S. (2017). A comparative study on chemical composition of total saponins extracted from fermented and white ginseng under the effect of macrophage phagocytotic function. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(3): 379–385. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.009

    88.

    Lim, C. Y., Moon, J. M., Kim, B. Y., Lim, S. H., Lee, G. S., Yu, H. S., & Cho, S. I. (2015). Comparative study of Korean White Ginseng and Korean Red Ginseng on efficacies of OVA-induced asthma model in mice. Journal of Ginseng Research, 39(1), 38–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.07.004